DescriptionInduction coil waveforms with capacitor.svg
English: Waveforms of voltage and current in an induction coil, demonstrating how the coil's interrupter works to generate the high voltages.
The blue trace, i1 is the current in the coil's primary winding. It is broken periodically by a vibrating contact in the primary circuit called an interrupter. The changes in current create a changing magnetic flux in the coil which induces a high voltage in the secondary coil, v2 shown in red. The voltage induced in the secondary is proportional to the rate of change of the primary current. Both the closing and opening of the interrupter contacts induce pulses of voltage of opposite polarity in the secondary. But the current change is much more abrupt on the opening or "break" of the contacts, and this generates the high voltage spikes produced by the coil.
The interrupter has a capacitor across its contacts which increases the rate of current change on break and thus produces much higher secondary voltages. The capacitor and primary winding function as a tuned circuit, and on break produces a decaying sinusoidal current in the primary. As a result the secondary voltage is also a decaying sinusoid.
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